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Outcome assessment was based on quantitative CRP concentrations measured at sequential time-points after surgery.> The degree of operative trauma was arbitrarily categorized into three types of surgery.
Disease experience was arbitrarily categorized as low (no prior trial participation and duration of disease less than one month), moderate (no prior trial participation and duration of disease more or equal to one month) or high (prior trial experience).
The M. genitalium concentration detected was expressed as number of geq [log10] per 1 mL of transport media and the M. genitalium load in each specimen was arbitrarily categorized as low (≤4 geq/mL [log10]), moderate (>4 - <6 geq/mL [log10]) or high (≥6 geq/mL [log10]).
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Based on the 5-question MIDAS rating, participants were arbitrarily categorized into a 'low' disability group if they had a MIDAS rating of 0 10 and into a 'high' disability group if they had a MIDAS rating greater than 11 [36, 37] 37].
A1C results were arbitrarily categorized as optimal (<6.1%: the referent value), good (6.1 6.9%), moderate (7.0 7.9%), and poor (≥8.0%) glycemic control.
Cells were arbitrarily categorized into punctate LC3+ and LC3- groups (as guidance, LC3 punctation induced by amino-acid starvation was used as a positive control).
Tajfel described "in-group bias", and showed, through a set of pioneering experiments, that humans tend to favor in-group members over out-group members in the distribution of rewards, even when these groups are arbitrarily categorized [ 14].
According to RLU/CO values, HPV-DNA positive cases were arbitrarily categorized into three groups having "low viral load" (RLU/CO from 1.0 to 50.0 RLU/CO), "intermediate viral load" (RLU/CO from 50.1 to 100.00 RLU/CO), and "high viral load" (RLU/CO > 100).
While several adult studies have demonstrated substantial declines in mortality risk on ART [ 2, 9– 13], time has been variably and arbitrarily categorized [ 14], preventing precise exploration of how mortality risk changes following ART initiation.
Furniture was arbitrarily placed and there was no real flow.
Each control was arbitrarily set at 100%.
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CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com