For each orientation, a Pareto front was approximated to help evaluate trade-offs between thermal and daylighting objectives.
As long as the grain boundary was anchored to the surface triple junction, the grain boundary was approximated to be flat at the limit of Mgb ≫ Ms.
In its corresponding allocation and pricing algorithm, sellers were allowed partially trading their bundles; the transaction path was approximated to Marshallian path; the utility for each winner was non-negative.
The solution of acoustic scattering from a bubble was approximated to show that the main reason for the reduced pressure outside the layer is phase reversal reflection, which provokes destructive interference.
The visco-elastic characteristic of the cell wall was approximated to a Neo-Hookean solid material augmented with a viscous term and modeled with a Discrete Element Method (DEM).
Whilst the camber expressed by a function of the displacement normal to a plate was approximated to realistic deflective camber, the displacement of the deflected plate in the compressed direction was neglected.
The size of ZIF-8@Cellu@Fe3O4 was approximated to 170 nm.
Snellen visual acuity was approximated to logMAR values for statistical analysis, wherever required.
The diameter of a single MNP was approximated to be in the range of 10 15 nm.
For measurements, the Osstell™ probe was approximated to the Smartpeg™ from the buccal, palatal, mesial, and distal sides.
The cost of an urgent care visit was approximated to be 1/4 the cost of an ED visit.
