Exact(4)
For this purpose, a static flow resistivity, which was also approximated using an acoustic method and a commonly accepted theoretical approximation, was calculated based on a microscopic study of the samples and the fibre's diameter.
The sum of the received interference and the background noise power,, was also approximated as a log-normal RV.
The limit of detection (LOD) for the method using the three columns was also approximated by multiple blank readings.
The temporal impulse response was also approximated by a log-normal function.
Similar(56)
Using this discrete approximation, the prior probability is also approximated as a discrete sum pleft(mathbf{y}_{t}|mathbf{x}_{1 t-1}right) approx sum_{k=1}^{N_{y}}{w_{t|t-1}^{k}deltaleft(mathbf{y}_{t}-mathbf{y}_{t}^{k}right)}.
Correlated standard deviation should be also approximated as the square root of the approximated total covariance value.
The time derivative in (21) is also approximated by finite differencing.
As explained earlier, values of E g were also approximated by an intercept of linear extrapolation.
The Galerkin formulation used qualifies as hybrid because the heat flux is also approximated on the boundary of the element.
The stopping time τ is also approximated by tau^{n} := text{min}left{j:S^{n}_{t_{j+1}}< K'right}.
The internal mixture effect is also approximated using the volume-weighted mixing assumption for multiple different components.
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