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Lawyers for the bereaved threatened a judicial review, saying it was only necessary to prove management negligence was "a substantial cause".
When enough of them moved out, or fell on hard times, it was a substantial cause of a series of municipal bankruptcies – as a result of which a number of Californian cities are no longer able to pay the pensions of former state employees.
Overall, we conclude that the decline in manufacturing employment was a substantial cause of the decline in employment rates during the 2000s particularly for less educated prime age workers.
One concurring opinion did not address the theory but says plaintiffs lawyers failed to prove a connection to Ford's products, while a dissent said the $11 million verdict should stand because the evidence showed Ford's conduct was a substantial cause.
MRSA was a substantial cause of episodes of SAB in this study (26%).
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The court also finds that the state's actions are a substantial cause of this constitutional violation.
Never before can I recall the police being alleged to be a substantial cause of mass deaths.
L. 98 120, § 3(a)(1), substituted "contributed importantly to such total or partial separation, or threat thereof, and to such decline" for "were a substantial cause of such total or partial separation, or threat thereof, and of such decline".
Background: Enteric adenoviruses, i.e. adenovirus 40 (and0) adenovirusirus 41 (Ad41), have been shown to be a substantial cause of pediatric gastroenteritis in various parts of the world, but no data are available for Iran.
In the outline of submissions filed on behalf of the minister, the Australian government solicitor explains that the minister did not think the burning of the coal "would be a substantial cause of climate change effects" and would have "no impact on matters of national environmental significance".
Therefore, when a public flood control improvement designed to divert or rechannel potentially dangerous water flow is a substantial cause of property damage, courts must balance " 'public need against the gravity of private harm' " in determining whether to compensate the landowners for that damage.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com