This finding challenges the underlying assumption of the NHIS that the scheme is a pro poor policy that fosters equity in access to care.
Increasing access to care through community assessment and referral is a pro poor approach with the potential to reach all newborns regardless of wealth or place of residence, as confirmed by the high compliance rates achieved across socioeconomic quintiles and in rural as well as urban areas.
For self-assessed health status, there was a pro-poor bias in reporting good health (4 5 point: CI Gansu = −0.121; CI Zhejiang = −0.293) and a pro-rich bias in reporting bad health (CI Gansu = 0.095; CI Zhejiang = 0.060).
The second principle, host plant resistance (HPR), is a pro-poor, and an often highly efficient element that critically contributes to sustainable crop protection.
Simplified sewerage will only truly be a pro-poor technology if issues such as lack of investment in sanitation, insufficient cost recovery for sanitation services, conservative technical standards favoured over innovation, low-cost technologies perceived as second class provision, the nature of peri-urban settlements, and lack of engagement with users, are addressed.
It would actually be a pro-poor policy simply to abolish this entire regime and throw the sugar market open to free trade.
Launched in 2004, its proponents claim that the NHIS is a pro-poor financial commitment that implements the World Health Assembly resolution.
Second, there is a pro-poor use of health services because the easily accessible district health system is contracted as the provider network [ 7].
The NHIS is intended to be a pro-poor initiative with a graduated premium payment that is based on socio-economic status [ 19], but in reality is it really the case?
The NHIS is intended to be a pro-poor initiative with a graduated premium payment that is based on socio-economic status, but in reality, premium payments are generally flat due to the practical difficulty in classifying subscribers according to their relative socio-economic status.
Moreover there was no finding of a differential effect by household poverty; that is PBF was neither a pro-poor nor a pro-rich strategy for reducing childhood illness.
