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The effects of the warm phase of the PDO and the current El Niño may be cumulative in terms of warming the planet.
A similar effect occurred during the last prolonged warm phase, which slowed the rise of sea level along California from roughly 1900 to 1930, according to the researchers.
For the first time since 1998, the Pacific is shifting into a warm phase, El Niño, that can alter weather patterns from Asia to the Americas, federal climatologists said.
The 2014 flip from the cool PDO phase to the warm phase, which vaguely resembles a long and drawn out El Niño event, contributed to record-breaking surface temperatures across the planet in 2014.
These cold shoreline waters combined with circulation patterns associated with the long-running warm phase have tilted the ocean, suppressing its height here and raising it in other parts of the Pacific Rim.
After a 15-year "cool" phase, during which the Pacific Ocean has dragged down the world's average surface temperature, the signs are it has entered a "warm" phase, according to Professor Scaife.
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In the warm phases it peaked at around 300 ppm.
Neanderthals appear to have spread southward into the region (apparently from Anatolia and the Caucasus) during cold phases, whereas early modern humans spread northward from Africa during the intervening warm phases.
Analysis of data indicated increase in precipitation extremes in warm phases of AMO for durations greater than 24 h.
The QBO periods are close to 2 years and 2.5 years during the ENSO warm phases and neutral/ENSO cold phases, respectively.
The birds likely benefit when milder temperatures and more rain during the warm phases of the climate cycles make food more abundant in their winter quarters, Nott says.
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