In addition, prior to the major warming, strong periodic fluctuations were recorded in the Aura MLS vertical temperature distribution between 15 and 0.05 hPa at Seoul.
According to this correlation, we argue that the sediments were subjected to frequent warm-cold fluctuations during the last 800 ka.
Lent [ 41] indicates that muskox is sensitive to both climate warming and fluctuations, that is why Campos and colleagues [ 37] hold these factors responsible of the actual confinement of the muskox to Greenland and the Arctic Archipelago but not a human impact.
As we look over longer periods of time, the "masking" of global warming by internal fluctuations gets smaller; however, even for 15 years or so, natural fluctuations and human-caused global warming can be about the same size.
The cool-dry to warm-wet climatic fluctuations that commenced during the Pliocene intensified throughout the Pleistocene and led to the repeated expansion and contraction of mesic habitats in eastern Australia and the regular encroachment of drier habitats into the coastal fringes [ 4, 8, 13, 14].
In my article in Tuesday's Science Times about the risks of long-term sea level rise, and in an accompanying podcast, I reported on the link between past instances of global warming, caused by natural fluctuations in the climate, and higher shorelines.
A small number of scientists dismiss human-influenced global warming, arguing natural climate fluctuations are responsible.
The paper also finds that several significant past climate fluctuations — including a warm spell that peaked around 1100 A.D. called the medieval warm period and the so-called little ice age from the 1400s through the 1700s — were global in scope.
El Niño is one of those "natural" forces that climate deniers say can account for fluctuations and for warming the ocean up; a reply might be that man-made climate-change may come to affect even the oceans' currents.
Due to technological advances in recent years, analyses of the whole transcriptome have become increasingly attractive to study non-model (marine) organisms, and their molecular responses to a variety of environmental changes such as warming [ 31, 32], salinity fluctuations [ 33], hypoxia [ 34, 35] or OA [ 29, 36, 37] in marine organisms.
