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HIV-1-specific IgG3 responses were not long-lived, which was consistent with the waning efficacy of the RV144 vaccine.
Moreover, waning efficacy in cohort 2 can be interpreted as waning pre-erythrocytic immunity.
Modeling both risk and age groups, we found that the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of vaccinating boys dropped to $51,646/QALY for a vaccine with rapidly waning efficacy and no booster.
Since data regarding the waning efficacy of PCV13 vaccine are not available, several publications for PPV23, which value the issue of waning, were considered.
Figure 1 presents the Kaplan-Meier survival curves for the cumulative proportion with at least one episode of clinical malaria in cohort 2. A test for proportionality of hazards showed that these were not constant over time (Schoenfeld residuals p = 0.004), therefore suggesting waning efficacy over the double-blind phase.
Vaccine efficacy is subdivided into three distinct periods: an initial ramp-up phase that occurs over the course of vaccine administration (2 13 months), a full efficacy phase (13 months-3 years) and a waning efficacy phase (3 10 years).
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Predicting the public health impact of a candidate malaria vaccine requires using clinical trial data to estimate the vaccine's efficacy profile the initial efficacy following vaccination and the pattern of waning of efficacy over time.
However, vaccine-derived herd immunity may be short-lived due to interactions between human mobility and imperfect or waning vaccine efficacy.
We show that migration and waning vaccine efficacy strongly influence the duration of herd immunity while birth and death rates have relatively minimal impacts.
Diverse selective pressures have resulted in waning clinical efficacy of griseofulvin, such that higher doses and longer courses of treatment are required.
However, if a catch-up campaign vaccinates all susceptible individuals, the expected revenues from vaccines could exceed those of a treatment (assuming there is no waning in efficacy).
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CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com