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In this study, we cloned two NAC transcriptional factor genes, ZmNST3 and ZmNST4, and analyzed their functions in maize secondary wall formation process.
Although enormous evidences exemplified that all these NAC genes performed as key transcriptional switches in the secondary cell wall formation process, their exact functional roles diversified [ 52- 55].
Moreover, the mechanism of the capsule wall formation process is much more complicated because of the action of concentration gradients, partition coefficients, and mass transfer processes.
Hemicellulose biosynthesis genes, PARVUS, GUT2 and GAUT12[ 24, 246 47] 47], and lignin biosynthesis genes, 4CLs and laccases [ 25, 31] are also contained in the cell wall formation process.
To investigate the potential function in cell wall formation process of genes or probes included in this Module, we also performed a correlation analysis between the genes or probes with the cell wall components (cellulose, Xyl, H, S) and calculated the student asymptotic p-values.
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Briefly, cells were grown in silica free medium for 24 hrs, 400 µM of sodium silicate was added to the culture, and cell wall formation processes followed thereafter.
The modest representation of explicitly cell wall-associated genes in this CSS-to-OLD transition list implies that the CSS and OLD stage tissues share quite similar transcriptional profiles in terms of secondary cell wall formation processes, and that the metabolic commitment to cell wall fortification in stem tissues does not change dramatically after cessation of active elongation.
We dissected three main regulatory complexes that represent phytohormone-related development, regulation of photosynthesis and cell wall formation as the main processes underlying N-driven elongation growth.
Many of the genes involved in secondary wall formation, and transcriptional regulators of this process [ 36] are well known.
It has also been demonstrated that artemisinin alters the process of oocyst wall formation resulting in an incomplete oocyst wall (organized at two opposite poles), with death of developing oocysts and reduction in the sporulation rate [ 41].
They are believed to facilitate bacterial adherence to mucosal epithelium cells, to participate in the process of capsular wall formation, and they have been shown to help bacteria survive and proliferate in in vivo mouse models [10 15].
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