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First, a trial h w which is less than the overall depth of the wall cross section is assumed to establish an initial macro-model.
If the compression zone of wall cross section resulting from the nonlinear analysis is located outside the assumed h w, the assumed h w is acceptable.
The depth h w of the web concrete is defined as the net tension zone depth of the wall cross section, which is calculated by subtracting the compression zone depths subjected to the positive and negative moments from the overall wall depth (see Fig. 2c).
Similar(57)
In the above tube the spray nozzle glass walls cross section should be pure flat structure.
Thermal boundary conditions, at the walls cross section and axial direction, are non-uniform and not imposed.
Masonry cavity-wall construction incorporates a continuous air gap that separates the inner and outer brick leaves of the wall cross-section.
The number of the longitudinal uniaxial elements can be increased to accurately describe the axial stress and strain distribution in the wall cross-section.
Furthermore, the change of wall cross-section, span length and the heights of the stories and connecting beams from region to region along the height are taken into consideration.
However, it was subsequently established that clay-brick unreinforced masonry (URM) cavity-wall buildings typically exhibit poor seismic performance due to inadequate connections between the separate masonry leaves in the wall cross-section.
The section areas A lc and A lr of the concrete and re-bar in a longitudinal element are defined with the tributary areas of the concrete and re-bars assigned to the longitudinal element at the wall cross-section (see Fig. 2b).
A_{lc} = (1 - rho )bs (1) A_{lr} = rho bs (2 where b and s are the width and depth of the wall cross-section segment assigned to a longitudinal element and ρ is the longitudinal reinforcement ratio of the cross-section segment bs.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com