For the study, however, a balance exercise (hula hoop) and two aerobic exercises (walking and walking with obstacles) will be used.
The present paper reviews current knowledge of older-adult problems with the main components of pedestrian activity, i.e., walking and obstacle negotiation, wayfinding, and road crossing.
A kinematic analysis of joint biomechanics during uphill and downhill walking and walking over an obstacle by Holler et al. [ 15] showed that uphill walking caused increased hip joint flexion and decreased stifle joint flexion compared to downhill walking.
We distinguished a 'cognitive' component (answering serial questions) from largely 'motor' components (standing up, sitting down, turning around, walking, avoiding obstacles, and touching the floor).
The fifth component consisted of walking over obstacles or on narrow surfaces.
This showed that the two most highly discriminating factors were Factor 5 (Light) and Factor 4 (Walking Around Obstacles).
29 The exercises were based on tasks common in everyday life such as squats, step-ups, and walking over obstacles.
This mapping process resulted in the seven theoretically-derived factor labels of: 1) Seeing Functions: Participation, 2) Moving Around and Communication, 3) Emotional Function, 4) Walking Around Obstacles, 5) Light, 6) Seeing Functions: Domestic and Social Life, 7) Mobility.
For example, in Factor 4, the empirical data suggest a label of ' bumping and tripping', whereas mapping back to the ICF theoretical structure highlighted the consistency on item content associated with ' walking around obstacles'.
For example, visual inspection of the boxplots for the Factors Walking Around Obstacles; Light; Mobility strongly suggest that as the severity of glaucoma gets worse, there is increasing difficulty in performing tasks.
