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Much like the experience of Wehr's subjects, these references describe a first sleep which began about two hours after dusk, followed by waking period of one or two hours and then a second sleep.
Peak HTO frequencies were, however, higher in novelty exposed WT and DAT-KO mice than those observed during the baseline waking period.
Firstly, despite demonstrating similar behavioral profiles during the baseline waking period, DAT-KO mice display significantly lower the peak frequency of HTO's.
Despite WT and DAT-KO mice showing similar behavioral profiles, total delta power (normalized delta power: WT mice: 3.6±0.5, DAT-KO mice: 4.3±0.4; n = 5; p>0.05) and total theta power (see Fig. 1A and 2E), DAT-KO mice displayed lower peak HTO frequencies during the baseline waking period than WT mice (WT mice: 7.1±0.2 Hz, DAT-KO mice: 5.7±0.2 Hz; Fig. 1A,).
A NREM/REM cycle was defined as sequence of NREM and REM sleep not interrupted by a waking period longer than 2 min.
According to Goto [ 18], the BIS monitoring was also not used for the waking period because in patients waking up from Xenon anaesthesia the time to react to verbal commands can not be predicted by the BIS level.
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VU0467154 induced state-dependent alterations in sleep architecture and arousal including delayed Rapid Eye Movement (REM) sleep onset, increased cumulative duration of total and Non-Rapid Eye Movement (NREM) sleep, and increased arousal during waking periods.
Light levels were maintained at approximately 90 lux during waking periods, and <1 lux during sleep periods.
These oscillations are especially prominent during waking periods of increased attention and rapid-eye-movement (REM) sleep [1], [2].
Our findings demonstrate that DAT-KO mice display decreased hippocampal theta oscillations frequencies during baseline waking periods and REM sleep.
Among neurons of which the spike trains were identified by the procedure, there were 266 neurons which provided over a thousand firing events both in sleeping and waking periods separately.
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