And innovation waivers may represent another option for states like Arkansas and Iowa that want to implement a private alternative to Medicaid expansion.
Perhaps the waiver in Ogunbowale's case represents an NCAA policy shift to align with what was suggested in the White Paper.
She said 21 young immigrants she represents were seeking a waiver of the fee from the Homeland Security Department.
A wide range of concerned groups oppose the House waivers, including those representing pediatricians, educators, public health professionals, and groups working to improve nutrition and reduce hunger.
John Richter, director of assisted living for the New York Association of Homes and Services for the Aging, which represents operators of nonprofit adult homes, said homes often sought waivers from the discharge rules for individual residents.
The decision has far-reaching implications in consumer, employment and even business law, said Alan Kaplinsky of Ballard Spahr in Philadelphia, who represents financial firms and claims to have written some of the first class-action waivers.
Separately, the Allied Printing Trades Council, an umbrella group that represents unions at The Post, sent a last-minute plea to the F.C.C. in favor of a waiver.
The Hudson board will soon vote on whether to request a waiver from this year's state accountability ratings because of the change, said Ms. Whiteker, who also leads an organization that represents the state's smaller districts.
It has described the criteria for waivers in broad terms, based on whether denying entry to an applicant would cause undue hardship, whether the applicant represents a security threat and whether entry would be in the national interest.
The National Chicken Council, which represents the poultry industry, praised the move and noted that each individual plant must meet stringent criteria to obtain a waiver.
