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Overall, our findings lend support for the waiting model to explain the evolutionary development of LSGs in Arabidopsis thaliana.
The waiting model describes the genesis of novel genes that can experience increased rates of evolution due to an initial lack of functionality.
However, non-essential novel genes can gain functionality over time by being selected for as environmental conditions change - this scenario describes the "waiting model" of evolution [ 17].
If the second copy instantly confers a selective advantage ("immediate" model) or can accumulate beneficial mutations before it decays into a pseudogene ("waiting" model), it can be maintained alongside the original gene for sub- or neofunctionalization[ 29].
The findings of this study of LSGs in Arabidopsis thaliana fit well with the waiting model of evolution of LSGs, as LSGs exhibit both low expression over developmental stages and there is significant enrichment for LSGs in response to abiotic stresses.
Furthermore, we have identified a core stress response as a striking feature of a subset of LSGs in Arabidopsis thaliana that fits well with the waiting model of evolution, and also with the reliance of plant species on flexible molecular solutions to dealing with environmental stresses.
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Two models are employed to parameterize the 7Li NMR data, namely, the multi-exponential autocorrelation function model and the power-law waiting times model.
(a) Defection rate (b) Average waiting time (c) Unfairness. Figure 28 compares the predictability of MCF-P, PCS-V, and "MCF-P combined with ART" in terms of the average deviation and percentage of clients receiving expected time of service (PCRE) under waiting tolerance Model B. The results with Model are similar and thus are not shown.
The n in parentheses aside number of ORs refers to the number of simulation runs performed The mean wait times using a multiple server, multiple priorities waiting line model were similar to those obtained using Monte Carlo simulation (Table 6).
They often played and sang together during their courtship, she said, though she admitted she also spent a lot of time waiting for model airplanes to take off.
For comparison purposes, we determined wait times using a multiple server, multiple priorities waiting line model.
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