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Moreover, microeconomic wage data suggest that wage variability was high during the recession, with a log standard deviation change of about 0.07 (see Appendix 2).
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Wages are uncertain and education, while increasing the expected wage, may increase or decrease wage variance.
The adjusted minimum wage reflects the variability of costs of goods across regions.
There is not much evidence on the variability of female wages and/or earnings.
Additional probing suggested the results to be based on a clear ecological bias caused by between-country variability of employment and wage conditions.
Acosta and Gasparini (2007) present evidence of the relationship between capital accumulation and the wage structure by taking advantage of the variability of wage premia and capital investment across industries in Argentina's manufacturing sectors.
The author also found significant variability across firms, with firms at the lower end of the wage distribution exerting the most wage-setting power.
As suggested by the relationship to labour market and skill development characteristics, there is cross-national variability in the size of the field-of-study mismatch wage penalty, as shown in Table 2.
The other 80percentt belong to a "new working class," he said, that despite great variability within the group lacks the same security and high wages.
Now we have another link in the chain: high inflation gets you flexible real wages, flexible real wages fall amid a demand shock, lower real wages allow for lower productivity work, which in turn allows for less employment variability in recessions.
Variability and rates of change are crucial.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com