Socio-economic changes associated with a gradual shift towards wage-dependency and regional economic development reduced labour availability at the cattleposts, which in turn has led to a reduction in seasonal herd mobility.
This unexpected wage-dependency might be attributed to publicly fixed care fees which cover wages, i.e. wages are not relevant to the second hypothesis.
The fact that wage-dependency is not observed for IFs, for which care fees are also fixed, but for PNHs, might be explained with lower fixed fees at PNHs than IFs [ 54], and/or stronger cost-consciousness of PNHs.
But today it feels like the wrong place at the wrong time as low wages and high benefit dependency define the community.
Possible explanations for the lack of the association of quitting smoking with employment among women in Poland, is the low participation of females in the labor market, and the traditional more involvement of women in household keeping, raising children and dependency on partner's wages [ 21].
Rather less is said about the culture of dependency among irresponsible employers who pay low wages subsidised by the taxpayer through tax credits.
Ed Miliband said the key to addressing public concerns about immigration was preventing companies abusing employment laws and ending the UK's "chronic dependency on low-skill, low-wage labour" from abroad.
"We don't want to make the same mistake that we made in 2004, which was to import a very large number of low-wage, low-skill workers and embed welfare dependency in our indigenous workforce," he said.
"We have to change our country's chronic dependency on low-skill, low-wage labour.
In that sense, Obamacare is part of the solution to welfare dependency because it makes low-wage work a viable option for those on the dole.
In 1994, Shaban said, one wage earner supported six people in Gaza; the dependency rate is now one earner for every eighteen people.
