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Does their chemistry or bacterial composition change, leaving them more vulnerable to pathogens?
But a new gene inserted into many new crop varieties can reduce genetic diversity and make the crop more vulnerable to pathogens.
Decreased production of glycoproteins can make maize vulnerable to pathogens by weakening cell wall defenses [20].
There is evidence, however, that monoclonal populations are more vulnerable to pathogens than genetically diverse assemblages [e.g. [ 92, 93]].
Despite efforts of the Comorian sanitary services, the Republic of Comoros is particularly vulnerable to pathogens intrusion.
As cultivated banana is generally asexually propagated using suckers from rhizomes, the large scale cultivation of the single genotype is particularly vulnerable to pathogens.
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In many countries surface reservoirs serve as the main source of drinking water, and these surface water bodies are often vulnerable to pathogen contamination (Kistemann et al. [2002]).
PTI is analogous to the first line of defense (innate immunity) in vertebrates, which is bypassed or disrupted by pathogen effector molecules that are used to downregulate PTI, making the cell vulnerable to pathogen attack (Nicaise et al. 2009).
However, larvae may be more vulnerable to pathogen infections due to their relatively thin and soft cuticle and the inability to groom themselves.
Commensal microbial communities protect the host against invading pathogens, and disrupting beneficial microbiota may leave the host vulnerable to pathogenic fungal infections.
Because bird extinctions have been documented in oceanic archipelagos (for example, Hawaii) after the arrival of avian malaria and pox virus (via introduction of domestic animals), Parker alerted that a comparable scenario is conceivable in the Galapagos since geographically long-isolated bird populations are particularly vulnerable to novel pathogens (Parker and Deem 2012).
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