Reef islands and low limestone islands are far more vulnerable to water pollution, perhaps like that associated with the 2011 collapse of the Fukushima nuclear power plant that leaked radioactive waters across a great expanse of the northern Pacific Ocean (Johansen et al. 2015).
Mr. Holloway said the leaks had penetrated the tunnel's concrete lining but were also found in areas where the branch passed through limestone, which is softer and more vulnerable to water corrosion than the harder rock of sandstone and shale found elsewhere in the tunnel's path.
Considering the ecological consequences implied by the structure and heterogeneity of periglacial loose rock cover, limestone landscapes in general seem to be vulnerable to degradation processes.
Additionally, limestone outcrops are often steep and rocky, making them vulnerable to erosion, which results in shallow soils.
For those of us visiting under more casual circumstances, it is a wonderful yet vulnerable feeling to be surrounded by Earth and at the mercy of the limestone walls and a sandstone cover that has saved the roof from collapse for millennia.
The selected watershed is highly vulnerable to erosion; it constitutes one of the main areas of Morocco, where the limestone series of the lower Liassic outcrop widely and show an accentuated landform.
The Seti river brings down heavy sediment of limestone and has formed several gorges in and around Pokhara, making it even more vulnerable.
The Miami-area U.S. House district Republican Rep. Carlos Curbelo represents routinely floods as sea levels surge through the porous limestone bedrock on which the sprawling city, considered one of the world's most vulnerable to climate change, was built.
While the Marshall Islands would fulfill most aesthetic criteria for an island paradise, it's easy to see why this selection of 29 coral limestone and sand atolls and five islands, strewn across 750,000 sq miles of ocean, are so vulnerable to an ocean that is advancing due to melting glaciers and thermal expansion.
Limestone is calcium carbonate.
