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Long after the addict quits, some of those brain changes remain, creating a vulnerability to relapse.
The Barcelona experts, in discussing the addiction mechanisms, noted, "Long-term administration of addictive drugs produces alterations in the brain that increase vulnerability to relapse and facilitate craving even months or years after successful detoxification".
Coping skills in alcohol related issues are predicted to reduce vulnerability to relapse.
These cellular adaptations may account for many of the changes in cortical function observed in drug addicts, including an enduring vulnerability to relapse.
A central problem facing the treatment of drug addiction is the enduring vulnerability to relapse displayed by users despite months or even years of abstinence [1], [2].
Specifically deactivation of brain regions from "control networks" (prefrontal, cingulate, inferior parietal, thalamus) in females could increase their vulnerability to relapse since it would interfere with executive function (cognitive inhibition).
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The potential for conflict/tension related to tobacco use, especially in light of vulnerabilities to relapse long after the immediate postpartum period, suggests that delinked interventions (i.e., separate interventions for men and women) to support tobacco reduction need to extend well beyond pregnancy/postpartum.
Even the strongest among us are vulnerable to relapse.
The authors concluded that, at least in rats, chronic exposure to THC during adolescence could indeed be responsible for "increased vulnerability to drug relapse in adulthood".
Altered reward-system function, in turn, could further aggravate a lack of control over the reward response and intensify alcohol craving and the urge to drink alcohol, both of which are associated with increased vulnerability to alcohol relapse (Breese et al. 2011; Sinha 2008).
The relationship between cortisol and the vulnerability to alcohol dependence as well as to relapse after abstinence could involve cortisol's effects on habit-based learning.
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