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For instance, childhood adversity increases vulnerability to adverse psychological (e.g., depression), physical (e.g., diabetes), and pregnancy (e.g., PTB) health outcomes [ 56– 58].
Prevention of the toxicity of metals begins with identification of the populations at highest risk of exposure and at greatest vulnerability to adverse effects.
Low income, multi-ethnic communities in Main South/Piedmont neighborhoods of Worcester, Massachusetts are exposed to cumulative, chronic built-environment stressors, and have limited capacity to respond, magnifying their vulnerability to adverse health outcomes.
In recent years, research has shown how certain ecological features of the built and social environments such as good housing stock and equitable transportation tend to decrease human vulnerability to adverse health outcomes, while others such as hazardous land use or low quality housing increases such risks.
Accordingly, their potential vulnerability to adverse outcomes remains unclear.
Even the most sophisticated sensing techniques, however, fail to provide full protection to primary users (PUs) due to unavoidable detection delays (depending on the number of samples needed before a decision is made) and vulnerability to adverse radio conditions (e.g., fading, physical obstacles).
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These internal mechanisms appear to create a type of cyclical effect, worsening both poor women's and care professionals' vulnerabilities to adverse childbirth outcomes.
Maternal immune systems that are shaped by chronic stressors before conception and during pregnancy may enhance particular vulnerabilities to adverse pregnancy outcomes.
Although the indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) enzyme seems to be involved in the pathophysiology of IFN-α-induced depression, no pharmacogenetic study has investigated whether variation in the IDO gene modifies vulnerability to this adverse effect.
This leads us to the conclusion that if a social and/or ecological system loses resilience, peoples' and the environment's vulnerability to potentially adverse changes increases, which otherwise could have been avoided (Folke et al. 2002).
Of particular interest was to determine whether the presence of the DRD4-7R actsle acts only as a vulnerability to an adverse situation (in this case, having a high-risk child birth), which would be consistent with a diathesis-stress model, or whether it relates to a susceptibility to both negative as well as positive contexts, which would be consistent with a differential susceptibility model.
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