The results have demonstrated the ability of FloodRisk, respect to EDQ approach, to distinguish successfully different levels of vulnerability of exposure elements, thanks to the use of asset value and depth-damage curves, that allows a suitably evaluation of the effectiveness of risk mitigation strategies.
This can also be expressed as a function of hazard, vulnerability, and elements at risk (property, infrastructure, human life, and so on).
Predictions of slope failures are mandatory to reduce hazard and vulnerability of elements at risk with appropriate warning policy and properly designed countermeasures.
In order to quantify uncertainties in a risk estimate, the ambiguity in hazard, vulnerability and elements at risk need to be quantified.
However, systematic assessment of storm surge risks should not only be concerned with the intensity and frequency of the hazard, but also with the vulnerability of elements exposed to its impact.
It is one thing to lawfully address hate speech (an element of the just basic structure), but the focus on hate speech purloins the importance of (elementary) respect, which expects a sensitivity and social-emotional intelligence asking people to take into account the human vulnerability (an element of the interpersonal ethos).
The lidar suggests that deforestation accompanied urban growth, perhaps increasing the civilization's vulnerability to the elements.
The November 2013 storm was the strongest recorded to hit land and was seen as an example of the archipelago's vulnerability to the elements.
The development of novel strengthening techniques to address the seismic vulnerability of masonry elements is gradually leading to simpler, faster and more effective strengthening strategies.
There are a number of qualitative and quantitative approaches that can be used to assess the vulnerability of exposed elements to volcanic hazards (Table 1).
