Tone changes are indicated by numbers written above the line (tu2), aspirations and phoneme separations are marked by apostrophes (t'a'), and middle-vowel variations are distinguished by additional accents (êrh).
One type of verb stem, called vocalic because an internal vowel shows variations, is exemplified by the verb for "sing": singan, singth, sang, sungon, gesungen.
Similarly, the variations in vowel length in cat and cad can be expressed with reference to the set of phonemes that are vowels, and also to the set that comprises both voiceless sounds and stops.
Based on the evidence that describes velopharyngeal closure variations between vowels, this research effort hypothesized that phonation threshold pressure values measured from the consonant-vowel sequence /pi/ would be significantly lower than the /pae/ and /pa/ sequences.
To test the effectiveness of this approach, a speech corpus was designed to contain contextual variations of Thai vowels by juxtaposing nine Thai long vowels in two-syllable sequences.
The behavioral data from the two subject groups showed that lexical tone variation in the vowel stimuli significantly interfered with vowel identification with a greater effect in the Chinese group.
The 'Elegy' is a beautiful technical accomplishment, as can be seen even in such details as the variation of the vowel sounds or the poet's rare discretion in the choice of adjectives and adverbs.
In a pilot rating study, the 10 best for each vowel category with a typical variation of fundamental and formant frequencies was selected.
The key to learning the language is the tribe's singing, Keren said: the way that the group can drop consonants and vowels altogether and communicate purely by variations in pitch, stress, and rhythm — what linguists call "prosody".
Given those constraints and the odd number of vowels in the study (to cover a substantial part of the German vowel space and having a parametric variation along the featural dimensions) we had to accept to avoid being a target.
