Exact(1)
It wasn't voluntary, understanding what he'd done.
Similar(59)
Information, understanding, and voluntary agreement are three key components of informed consent.
It requires a physician, before embarking on any diagnostic or therapeutic procedure which carries with it a reasonable possibility of harm to explain the attendant risks of the procedure and its alternatives and to obtain the competent, voluntary and understanding consent of the patient to proceed [ 2].
But environmentalists say that the state and the cruise industry have fallen far short of what is necessary to protect Washington state waters and marine life, especially in light of probable increases in cruise ship traffic, and they are leery of a voluntary memorandum of understanding.
It should be clear why this way of understanding voluntary euthanasia blocks the primary slippery slope argument offered by Keown and Jones.
Finally, I have argued that my proposed ways of understanding voluntary euthanasia provide insight into how to construct regulations governing the practice.
This is because the ways of understanding voluntary euthanasia outlined above are closely analogous to standard accounts of how to understand interactions between patients and physicians in uncontroversial cases involving multiple [End Page 36] possible courses of treatment.
In addition, by identifying an analogy to uncontroversial, standard practice in cases involving multiple possible courses of treatment, I have demonstrated that these ways of understanding voluntary euthanasia accurately reflect appropriate physician patient interactions.
But the important point here is that on this way of understanding voluntary euthanasia, the physician need not make an independent judgment confirming the patient's view that death is a benefit.
On this way of understanding voluntary euthanasia, Keown and Jones are right that the physician should comply only if she thinks that ending the patient's life is best for the patient, but it is important to notice that the physician's judgment that the patient is better off dead is not independent of the patient's request.
Rather than understanding voluntary euthanasia as requiring a physician to make an independent judgment that the patient is better off dead, I have suggested that the physician instead should be seen as making a judgment that the patient is within the boundaries of appropriate deference.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com