Any constraints on the behaviour of corporate investors in Africa (such as the Committee on World Food Security's guidelines on land tenure) remain voluntary, while the constraints on host nations become compulsory.
And a new set of voluntary guidelines on land tenure was decided by the committee for food security; positive steps that came about in large part as a result of sustained civil society pressure.
The Voluntary Guidelines promote secure tenure rights and equitable access to land, fisheries and forests as a means of eradicating hunger and poverty, supporting sustainable development and enhancing the environment.
The committee report, Global Food Security, called for full implementation of the UN voluntary guidelines on the governance of tenure, which recognise and respect all legitimate tenure rights and the people who hold them.
During the governor's tenure, Texas has also encouraged voluntary conservation efforts.
To that end, the United Nations earlier this year approved the Voluntary Guidelines on the Responsible Governance of Tenure of Land, Fisheries and Forests in the Context of National Food Security.
Adesina added that the voluntary guidelines on responsible governance of land tenure and access rights to land, fisheries and forest resources will be ingrained in Nigeria's approach to business, not just with multinationals but also local companies.
One of the most encouraging developments has been the unanimous adoption by 96 countries of the voluntary guidelines on the responsible governance of tenure of land, fisheries and forests in the national context of food security last year.
To enhance ES production and PES scheme accessibility and participation, we recommend strengthening the linkages between ES production and land-use practices, boosting private and voluntary sector involvement, encouraging property rights and tenure reform, improving financial viability, and adequately accounting for the distribution of programme costs and benefits among participants.
Former President Bill Clinton removed 1.8 million immigrants during his tenure, most of them through "voluntary removal".
