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(After much bad publicity, Chrysler grudgingly agreed to a voluntary replacement of the van latches).
It also offered a voluntary replacement programme for users with affected Note 7s, which it estimated covered 70% of the phones it had produced.
That "voluntary replacement programme" led to a rap on the knuckles from the US consumer watchdog on 9 September, which argued that Samsung should instead have issued an official recall – which it started a few days later.
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This study involved both voluntary and replacement donors.
All consenting voluntary and replacement candidate blood donors were consecutively included from February to May 2009.
Generally donors are classified into the following categories: voluntary, family replacement and remunerated [ 2].
All consecutive candidate blood donors, either voluntary or replacement, were invited to participate and after signing the informed consent, enrolled.
There is a large body of literature comparing prevalence rates of blood-borne infections in voluntary and replacement donations in Pakistan (Mujeeb et al. 2000; Akhtar et al. 2004; Asif et al. 2004; Khokhar et al. 2004).
The results of this voluntary census-replacement have been branded with the disclaimer "We have never previously conducted a survey on the scale of the voluntary National Household Survey, nor are we aware of any other country that has...
Prevalence of at least one TTI was significantly lower in voluntary than in replacement donors (15.2% versus 22.4%; p = 0.016).
Prevalence of each infection was lower in voluntary than in replacement donors, but the differences were not statistically significant (Table 2).
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