Exact(7)
That sum includes not only cash but also anything else of value, including voluntary labour, the use of office space and so forth.
In the early years, the food was produced entirely by voluntary labour, and Martin remains a village full of people on rotas for various horticultural and stock-rearing tasks.
A huge amount of voluntary labour came from students, and some 3,000 hanging baskets were donated by local business.All this happened over a winter that saw two major snowfalls and a series of major aftershocks, not to mention a fair bit of scepticism that it could be pulled off at all.
Reliance on uncompensated or minimally compensated voluntary labour has long been justified and defended as a "sustainable" – conflated with "low cost" – solution to weak health infrastructure and shortages in health personnel.
For an earlier generation in Kenya, lay participation and voluntary labour in development projects meant being part of the progressive trajectory of the new nation, captured in Kenyatta's call for harambee or 'pulling together'.
Recommendation #14 in the World Health Organizations' [ 57] guidelines on task shifting similarly recognizes that the delivery of health services through voluntary labour is "not sustainable" and advises that adequate payment be made to community health workers.
Similar(53)
This means capturing best practice from providers where professional status is already part of what they do, and also looking at cooperative approaches to help voluntary carers, undeclared labour and low-wage employees band together to access training.
The coalition government pledged to scrap ID cards, introduced on a voluntary basis by Labour, within 100 days of taking office in May.
Labour says voluntary controls are not working and parental authority has been undermined by technological change.
A significant outcome of this has been an increased reliance on the voluntary sector and unpaid labour in meeting such care needs [ 25].
It argues that what is needed is a Grand Alliance – of governments and peoples, education systems and religious leaders, mass media and voluntary agencies, business and labour, professional associations and conventional health services – to create a universal demand for, and practical knowledge of, those methods which could bring about a revolution in child survival and development.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com