This hollowed-out bolt holds a sensitive explosive, placed to initiate the larger volume of explosives in the pipe when the projectile makes contact with a solid object after being fired.
In 1977, the strategist George F. Kennan declared, "No one is good enough, wise enough, steady enough, to have control over the volume of explosives that now rest in the hands of this country".
That makes sense: the power of a charge grows with the volume of explosive, so to get a much larger explosion, say twice the size, the weight of explosive would have to be cubed.
For the chip integration of MEMS (micro-electromechanical system) safety and arming device, a miniature detonator needs to be developed to reduce the weight and volume of explosive train.
Studying the variation in thickness of tephra fall deposits has long been used as a key tool for estimating the volumes of explosive volcanic eruptions (Pyle, 1989).
Maximum pressure of explosive is p=frac{E}{v}=frac{E m}{m;v}={E}_{mathrm{s}}rho =4.184times {10}^6times 1650=6.9cdot {10}^9kern0.5em frac{N}{{mathrm{m}}^2}=6.9cdot {10}^4kern0.5emathrm{atmtm} (15 where v is the volume of the explosive, m3; E s = E/m is the specific energy of explosion, J/kg.
Let us take the volume of sphere as 1 m3 and the mass of explosive TNT 2 kg.
These parameters include hole diameter, penetration rate, overall drilling rate, burden, spacing, sub-drilling, hole depth, hole length, stemming, particle size for stemming, hole charge length, hole charge concentration, total charge per hole, total amount of explosives, volume of rock per hole, number of required holes, specific drilling, total required drilling, powder factor, and delay times.
The total eruption volumes of the explosive and effusive eruptions are 0.015 km3 and 0.015 km3, respectively, totaling about 0.030 km3 (DRE, Kozono et al., 2013).
Holes are so placed as to require a minimum quantity of explosive per volume of rock broken (called the powder factor).
The binary mixtures (by volume of standard sample solution) of explosive molecules were deposited on CSC12-E microcantilevers using micro glass capillaries.
