It is also obvious that with the increasing grain size, there is corresponding decrease in the total volume faction of boundary layer of the CCTO.
Considering the fact that up to 1300 °C, the TiN samples held nanometer-sized grains and material characterized by a large volume of grain boundary fraction, the grain growth through the boundaries diffusion is much expected than that via conventional lattice diffusion.
As the grain size becomes larger, the volume of grain boundary decreases, and some "redundant" CNTs segregate at the juncture of grain boundary (Fig. 5d).
The influence of incident flow acceleration on the viscous and turbulent shear stresses at the wall and in the volume of the boundary layer has been analyzed to determine the acceleration parameters to be K = (0, 0.7, 1.3, and 4.1) × 10−6.
The calculated data was compared with the data obtained during hardness (Vickers hardness and nanohardness) tests of nano-TiN materials: H={H}_{mathrm{g}}.kern1em left( 1-fright)+{H}_{mathrm{g}mathrm{b}.kern1em }f (6 where H g and H gb are a hardness of grains and grain boundaries, respectively, and f is a volume of grain boundaries.
3-D contiguous components analysis provided for each telomere a set of quantitative parameters, including local background, center of 'mass' (weighted by the background-subtracted fluorescence intensities), position of maximum intensity, volume, the number of boundary pixels, and the background-subtracted integrated intensity.
The lattice strain in the nanocrystalline ZnO nanoparticles may arise from the excess volume of grain boundaries due to dislocations.
Nanocrystalline diamond composites are expected to behave differently owing to the large volume of grain boundaries.
Specifically, a high volume of grain boundaries (GBs) leads to a low concentration of vacancies in the UFG material, which hinders homogeneous nucleation of precipitates during aging.
This is because the Al3Sc precipitates are highly heterogeneously distributed due to a combination of a small Sc supersaturation (0.05 at.%) in the matrix, the existence of dislocations, and a large area per unit volume of grain boundaries (∼4 6 × 106 m−106
