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Infarct location has a critical effect on patient outcome after ischemic stroke, but the study of its role independent of overall lesion volume is challenging.
Because of the diffuse nature of the disease, measurement of PMP disease volume is challenging.
Whilst effective for the applications reported, the small size of these particles is likely to be limiting to their application in molecular endothelial imaging, where the delivery of sufficient contrast volume is challenging, on the 'planar' target that is on the surface of the blood vessel wall.
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In surgery, preservation of the central blood volume is challenged by factors such as bleeding, capillary leakage and evaporation.
Briefly, 2.5×104 K562 cells/well (96 well plate; 200 µl total volume) were challenged for 18 h with 5 nM PSI, 10 µM salubrinal and 2 mM VPA as indicated and the fluorescence signal determined at 350 nmem/450 nmem from 50 µl aliquots following incubation with the caspase substrate solution.
Evaluations of RV volume, function, and mass are challenging because of the geometrical complexity and individual differences.
While it may be appropriate to compare results from studies carried out in models that test compounds by direct inoculation of small xenograft tumours, it is not appropriate to compare these data with results obtained from supermodels in which large tumour volumes were challenged by physiological, systemic drug delivery.
Assessment of volume status is challenging and point of care ultrasound may provide greater sensitivity to detect subclinical congestion before overt clinical congestion occurs.
Unfortunately, applying this algorithm to sub-volume averaging is challenging if only a low number of sub-volume "particles" is available.
Control experiments using fast thawing were also conducted, which improves recovery in these low volumes but is challenging in a 'real world' situation (ESI †).
Generating realistic non-uniformly distributed three-dimensional representative volume element (RVE) for modeling the response of high fiber volume fraction composites is challenging.
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