For the previous example, the voltage variance after shedding load is used to evaluate the system stability, and the value when using the proposed strategy is only 10% of the value when using under specific voltage load shedding strategy.
We therefore work with a pair of level-crossing processes where each process has a unique voltage variance and therefore the rate of crossings in the two neurons being considered are, unless stated otherwise, not the same.
The information on the lumped resistance, which represents the magnitude of the voltage variance during the predefined time, can be obtained using numerical equations based on two values of the state-of-charge (SOC) and series resistance Ri estimated by the dual EKF.
A manipulation of the factors (i.e. geometric parameter, axial distances, and bias voltages variances) and their effects on the focal spot size were also analyzed.
For example, the cell property that predicted most of spiking output variance, voltage-gated sodium current activation potential, interacted significantly (PF < 0.05) with slow potassium current activation potential, membrane resistance and capacitance, as well as several second and third-order combinations of these variables.
From the simulation results, it can be seen that the proposed method has a rapid convergence rate in the optimization of large-scale coordinated charging of EVs, and can greatly reduce power losses, improve voltage and lower the variance of load compared to uncoordinated charging scenario.
There is also another source of CS which is the large phase variance of voltage-controlled oscillators (VCOs) caused by low signal to noise ratio (SNR) that is not subjected in this paper.
Because of high computational cost to evaluate each mismatch value of edges adjoint matrix, we add the mean and variance of node voltage sequences as the additional column in the distance matrix of node voltages sequence set when we calculate the mismatch value VMval.
μshift and σ shift 2 are the mean and the variance of threshold voltage shift by charge leakage.
Standard deviation of average angle and angle variance per driving voltage within the digital levels are identified to characterize the digital behavior of the mirror.
The magenta curve ( R 11 = R 12, corresponding to the transitions between state 7 and conducting state 8) has the largest variance in the voltage range [ − 100, − 25 ] mV and the yellow curve ( R 19 = R 20, corresponding to the transitions between state 4 and conducting state 8) has the largest variance in the voltage range [ − 25, 100 ] mV.
