Exact(3)
In addition to the oscillation in control and cost in the undampened case, the voltage estimates are unable to stabilize and so they switch between over- and under-estimating.
The problem investigated in this paper considers recordings of noisy voltage traces to infer the hidden gating variables of the neuron model, as well as filtered voltage estimates, model parameters, and input synaptic conductances.
Here, we compute the voltage estimates of the two neurons at each time step by means of a Kalman filter [38] and employ the feedback strategy in (74) based on these estimates.
Similar(57)
The result shows that this method can well improve the over voltage estimate, especially when the coil is larger.
At the same COD level, these numbers were lower than the voltage estimated by the simulation program, which could only go down to about 1,000 mV.
From the table it is clear that global values of maximum and minimum voltages estimated by RTUs are almost matching with load flow values.
It is clear that global values of maximum and minimum voltages estimated by RTUs are almost matching with load flow values.
The voltages estimated using the WLS-based SE method in the first execution after the attack commenced were compared with those acquired from the UKF, as shown in Table 2.
For each iteration k, in the first step of BC-DSSE, power measurements are translated into equivalent phasor current measurements using the node voltages estimated in the previous iteration.
The proposed method which is based on non-linear least square (NLS) approach can extract the fundamental voltage and estimates its phase within only half cycle, even in the presence of odd harmonics and dc offset.
Thus, the voltage is estimated to be 140 kV.
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