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The reason for the absence of Fgfr2 gene expression in vole cells is unknown at present.
Mouse embryonic fibroblasts, alone and without LIF, were also able to maintain the derived vole cells in an undifferentiated state.
Similar to mouse trophoblast cells and human choriocarcinoma cells, subcutaneous injection of the derived vole cells into nude mice leads to the formation of haemorrhagic tumours.
This clearly indicates that the derived vole cells have undergone imprinted X inactivation and confirms that they belong to the TS cells.
PCR amplification of vole-specific gene products from the inner capsule confirmed that it was derived from the injected vole cells (data not shown).
Histological examination of the tumours revealed the presence of invading giant trophoblast cells, originating from the injected donor vole cells, in the mouse tissues surrounding the blood vessels.
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Our characterisation of the derived vole cell lines confirms their trophoblast lineage identity.
In summary, the evidence provided in this study indicates that our established vole cell lines demonstrate properties of the trophoblast lineage and should be regarded as vole TS-like cells.
Our expression analysis of lineage-specific genetic markers demonstrates that only genes of the trophoblast lineage are expressed in the established vole cell lines and their differentiated derivatives.
Taken together, it is clear that certain unidentified factors, secreted by embryonic fibroblasts, are required for maintaining proliferation of the derived vole cell lines, whereas the presence of vole LIF is a crucial factor only during the initial stages of vole TS-like cells derivation.
The unusual behaviour and properties of the derived vole cell lines prompted us to analyse the expression of the stem cell-specific transcription factors Oct4, Nanog and Sox2, in both undifferentiated and differentiated cells (Fig. 3).
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