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So if 3M has a beta = 0.86 (which means the stock has 86 percent of the volatility of the average risk investment, i.e. the general market), the discount rate we can use for 3M is equal to 2 percent + 0.86* 5 percent) = 6.3 percent.
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Union presence in a plant could thus have played a role in the volatility of plant-level average wage in the earlier part of the sample period.
Partridge suggests 10%, since thats the average volatility of the 60/40 portfolio since 1991.
11The VIX could be an indicator of idiosyncratic risk if some of the volatility of average stock prices derives from redistribution shocks, but otherwise might be better interpreted as an aggregate risk indicator.
The chart contrasts the average implied volatility of options on the S & P 100 index (the VIX index) with the average implied volatility of the bottom 40 stocks (by market capitalization) in the S & P 500.
The bottom chart shows the average implied volatility of the U.S. auto parts producers whose debt trades most frequently.
Figure 3 Includes a graph of the average implied volatility of Bear Stearns options.
Despite the recent volatility, the average annualized three-year return of the small-cap fund was 13.54 percent through Sept. 30, landing it in the top quarter of its category.
Believe it or not, however, the market volatility of the last 10 years was no higher than the average of the last seven decades.
For the average author, however, the volatility of the rankings is a big hook.
It tracks and displays the average selling price and the volatility of the market.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com