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Besides the studies on its essential oil, no work has been carried out on the constituents of its non volatile extract.
The aim of this study is to identify the extraction conditions, using supercritical carbon dioxide as solvent, that maximize the yield of volatile extract from the seeds of Anethum graveolens L. by the use of the response surface method, where the variables pressure, temperature and flow rate of supercritical CO2 were investigated.
Volatile extract was applied to a piece of filter paper (1×2 cm) at a volume of 10 microliters and was placed inside one arm of the Y-tube olfactometer.
One microliter of each headspace volatile extract was analyzed by gas-chromatography (Agilent Technologies, mod. 7890A) coupled with mass spectrometry (Agilent technologies, mod. 5975C), as described in [ 13].
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The optimal temperature (70°C) used for the HS extraction was an analytical compromise based on the maximum amount of volatiles extracted.
Using GC-RI and GC-MS analysis, the essential oils and the volatiles extracted from separated organs of D. crinitus Desf.
EssOilDB includes 2872 records providing comparative lists of volatiles extracted through different methods.
In their study, estragole made up 95% of the total volatile compounds extracted from the leaves, and ten other volatile compounds were extracted from the leaves, eight of which were the same as the volatiles extracted by the current study.
There are considerable differences between volatiles extracted from fresh living material and the essential oils obtained from the same plant.
Volatile extracts of C. sinensis showed greater insecticidal potency, while the cockroach was the most susceptible to the orange peels among the three insects studied.
Statistical studies using the randomised complete block design with four replicates showed that volatile extracts of two species of orange peel – Citrus sinensis (sweet orange) and Citrus aurantifolia (lime) had insecticidal activity against mosquito, cockroach and housefly.
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