What explains it other than volatile exports?
Like many Chinese companies, Ningbo Deye is trying to cushion its reliance on volatile exports by selling more in the domestic market.
To be sure, Russia is hardly a haven, and never will be, as long as it continues its reliance on volatile commodity exports.
China's monthly trade figures are notoriously volatile and if exports are converted into yuan the currency which matters for China's GDP growth growth has fallen sharply to an average of 12% in the past three months, from 35% in early 2005.
Asian exports are volatile anyway (see chart 1).
Regulations on imports and exports are volatile, with changes often only communicated to foreign producers when they reach the border.
Supporting this theory, Chinese exports, though volatile, have been more resilient than those of the other countries in Factory Asia.
The context is countries in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC), which tend to be price takers on world markets, to produce commodity exports subject to volatile terms of trade, and to experience procyclical international finance.
But oil is volatile: economies dependent on oil exports suffer severe swings in balance of payments and GDP.
In the futures markets, prices remained firm but volatile; reacting to news about further export restrictions, developments in energy markets and the deteriorating prospects in financial markets.
The findings have strong generalizability as many emerging markets have been found to have similarly high ownership concentration, and their exports rely on highly volatile and uncertain commodities or primary products.
