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Impingement often occurs just past the edge of the strip which causes the void width to be greater than the strip width and form seams at the edge of the void.
Based on the results, design charts are provided for the calculation of the undrained bearing capacity factors as a function of the dimensionless parameters related to the vertical and horizontal void distances from the footing, void width and height, and spacing between the two voids as well as soil rigidity and non-homogeneity.
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Longitudinal and shear wave propagation characteristics and investigations of a grain boundary before and after fatigue using electron backscatter diffraction based on field-emission scanning electron microscopy and focused ion beam transmission electron microscopy revealed that the largest boundary void gap width was less than several nanometers (almost closed).
In the most common bar code, the Universal Product Code[21], the 1 and 0 binary numbers are represented by black bars and white voids whose width indicates the number of equal consecutive digits.
The void height and width were 140 and 270 mm, respectively.
Numerical observations revealed the sensitivity of web-shear failure mechanism and related shear capacity to hollow core shape and related non-circularity of the voids, inherent web width variation along depth and concrete chords above and below the void.
Structural effects consider mainly a Gaussian distribution of spherical void size of varying width, distribution centre and void overlap distance.
Void-containing layers were found within 100 nm of the metal surface, containing voids of 10 20 nm width with a number density of 108 109cm−2.
These factors are used to estimate subsidence using the empirical equation SMax = [c/(1 + 10^(−a((W/D) − b)))] ∗m, where W is the width of the void, D the depth, m the effective void thickness, and a, b, c are parameters related to the mechanical competency of the overburden.
These nuclei consist of aromatic sheets separated by voids with an average width of 30 40 nm.
The dependence of the width of void-denuded zones (VDZs) on grain boundary (GB) characters was investigated in Cu irradiated with He ions at elevated temperature.
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