In normal voices, jitter is generally less than 1%.
However, in pathological voices, jitter can be as large as 5% (i.e., almost a tone) [35].
power spectrum 0 1, 0 5, and 1 5 kHz Alpha ratio (in dB), Hammarberg index (in dB) MFCC 1 4, harmonics-to-noise ratio F 0, prob. of voicing, jitter, and shimmer (local) Five functionals Arithmetic mean, standard deviation Fifth and 95th percentile and range 5 95 % Long-term average spectrum (LTAS), 27 bands MFCC 1 4, spectral entropy Energy in bands 0 0.5 and 0 1 kHz Slope of log.
VQ, voice quality (jitter and shimmer); LMelFB, log mel frequency band.
The voice quality parameter "jitter" describes pitch perturbations in the context of vocal expression.
Included in this category is also a separate group of features constituting the voice quality parameters: jitter, shimmer[11], Hammarberg index[12], Liljencrants-Fant features[13], and spectral tilt[14].
The present series confirmed the established findings that Fo is lower in boys than in girls, even before mutation, and decreases with age; two other classical voice analysis parameters, jitter and shimmer, also showed the same behavior as described in the literature.
Even though older voices show increased Jitter and Shimmer, these measures do not appear to effect the ASR performance significantly.
Voice source parameters like jitter and shimmer change with age, but they are shown to have just a minor influence on speech recognition error rates.
The routing protocol with QoS support could recognize the application service demands and would choose the path with the lowest loss for data transfer, lowest end-to-end delay, and lowest jitter for voice communication.
