Women's highest level of education was recoded into low (no education, only primary education or lower vocational education), medium (only secondary school education or medium vocational education) and high (college, university or post-graduate education).
b Low: primary/junior secondary vocational education; medium: secondary/senior vocational/higher secondary education; high: higher professional/university education.
The educational level was categorised as low (no or few vocational courses), medium (vocational training or education of up to 3 years) or high (higher education of 3 years or more).
The educational level of parents is defined as follows: "low" corresponds to education up to vocational school; "medium" indicates a polytechnic degree and "high" a university degree.
For comparison reasons we classified the education level as high education (university and higher vocational school), medium education (middle vocational school and higher or middle general secondary school), and low education (lower vocational school, lower general secondary school, primary school, or no education) [ 54].
Next, education level was divided into two categories: low education level (N = 513; no education to medium vocational level) and high education level (N = 784; upper vocational level to postgraduate education level).
Educational level was divided into three categories: low (primary school, lower vocational education or less), medium (medium vocational education, higher secondary level education) and high (higher vocational education, university).
Education was recoded into low (no formal qualifications or General Certificate of Secondary Education), medium (vocational qualifications or A-levels) or high (a university degree).
Level of education: highest level of education completed, categorized as: high (higher vocational education, university); medium (intermediate vocational education, higher general secondary education, or pre-university education); and low (no education, elementary school, lower vocational education, or lower general secondary education).
The educational level was classified as follows: a low level of education (max. secondary school without vocational training), a medium level of education (secondary school with vocational training), and a high level of education (any higher level of education).
