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Because body size imposes severe constraints on vocal signals, it is often closely related with the acoustical features of animal vocalizations.
Thus, vocal signals associated with lack of arousal low F0 variation and low F0 may indicate the signaler's self perceptions of relative dominance when facing a challenge.
Complex vocal signals, such as birdsong, contain acoustic elements that differ in both order and duration.
The form of vocal signals can also reveal information about sender state.
Facial, postural and vocal signals are regularly automatically shared by others, sometimes resulting in or from emotional contagion2.
In this chapter we concentrated on vocal signals involved in male-male competition, and, in particular, territorial defense.
Central pattern generators can account for the development and production of normal vocal signals without auditory feedback in non-songbirds.
The way they hunt, the repertoire of vocal signals and even their use of tools differs from pod to pod.
When attending to vocal signals, baboons appear to take into account not only the signaller's identity and her probable subsequent behaviour, but also the target of her attention.
Table 9 Mean error in dB for vocal signals.
This indicates that the algorithm is also suitable for dealing with vocal signals.
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