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The vocal distance matrices for the four closely related species, N. leucogenys, N. siki, N. annamensis and N. gabriellae, were generated using the F values of pairwise distances in the stepwise DFA.
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(Weinstein has been vocal about distancing the movie from that perception, telling reporters at Cannes that the film is "not your daddy's HBO version of Mandela.... It's warts-and-all").
For all vocal signals, two distances were calculated: (1) the distance between the estimated sound source position and the closest mouse and (2) the distance between the estimated sound source position and the next closest mouse.
He said he used a vocal manipulation to distance himself from the title track's "brutal and horrible" subject matter, which he could not have sung otherwise.
The song has four main sections, and touches on many of the sounds and ideas that Barnes returns to: sexuality, books, disco, progressive seventies rock, androgynous vocals, the shortest distance between two styles, and the entanglement of clear language and ambiguous feelings.
They are mainly used in long-distance vocal interactions between males [11], and they are hardly produced by captive birds, either wild-caught or hand-raised [3], [4], [12].
We found the highest significant correlations between vocal structure and genetic distance (P = 0.001, Rx, y = 0.91), and lower significant correlations between genetic and geographical distance (P = 0.001, Rx, y = 0.66), and geographical distance and vocal structure (P = 0.001, Rx, y = 0.55).
These behavioral differences are paralleled by differences in the neural architecture and biochemistry of the song control pathways, which give rise to learned vocal behavior in males (distance calls and song) but not in females [10], [11], [12].
Within pairs, not all possible call-type combinations were used in significant positive vocal interactions; for example, distance calls were never used in combination with whines.
Post-mortem examination revealed congenital high-grade stenosis of the trachea directly distal to the vocal cords over a distance of more than 1 cm with a lumen of less than 1 mm in diameter.
Vocal activity (number of distance, tet, stack, cackle, and whine calls, green points = means, green lines = standard errors) and specificity of vocal interactions within pairs (red bars) and with non-pair members (grey bars) over the breeding stages (UP: Unpaired, NN: No nest, Inspec: Nest inspection, Terr: Nest defence, Build: Nest building, Lay: Egg-laying, Incub: Incubating).
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com