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Two raters awarded ratings on an analytic scale of 1 to 4 for each of the four rating elements: grammar, vocabulary, fluency, and pronunciation.
The test results that test takers receive include a numeric composite score and four diagnostic subscores in Sentence Mastery, Vocabulary, Fluency, and Pronunciation (Pearson, [2008]).
These abilities are well reflected in the four diagnostic scores reported by the VET provider, i.e. Sentence Mastery, Vocabulary, Fluency, and Pronunciation.
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Young people need to be able to talk in a range of settings and styles, using a wide vocabulary with fluency.
The four-hour workshops, held one Saturday a month for nine months, emphasize five core skills for reading mastery — knowledge of letters, phonemic awareness, vocabulary, reading fluency and comprehension.
Suddenly ballets seemed to offer something fresh and new: a facility for using the classical vocabulary with fluency and irreverent eclecticism; a talent for evoking emotion and conveying character; and (in Mr. Ratmansky's case) a remarkable wit.
The univariate analysis yielded significant simple main mode effects for grammar, vocabulary, and fluency.
Both Groups A and B had higher means for Session 2 for grammar, vocabulary, and fluency.
At this stage, the relations of vocabulary with fluency in reading and comprehension of the transparent and opaque forms of script were also much alike.
Quantitative data was collected, by administering a survey questionnaire to investigate aviation students' opinions in regards to language descriptions set by ICAO namely: pronunciation, vocabulary, grammar, fluency, comprehension, and interaction.
In this prospective cohort study of a middle-aged population followed up for 10 years, participants with persistent metabolic syndrome had lower cognitive scores for reasoning, vocabulary, semantic fluency, and, to a lesser extent, memory, compared with participants who never had metabolic syndrome.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com