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We studied whether the resistance induced in vitro would have an effect on tumour viability in vivo.
In regard to potency, it is not known whether a compound that is, for example, half as potent as BPA in vitro would have half the effect in vivo, especially because very little is known about the exposure and metabolism of BPS and BPF.
We next probed whether the Trp-to-Arg substitution found here to affect both the oligomerization state of TrxR1 and the FAD fluorescence in vitro, would have effects on the RITA-induced formation of the covalently linked 110-kDa TrxR1 species in a cellular context.
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The answer is simple: These sugar conjugates would be largely devoid of in vitro activity, and in vivo would have no overt reproductive toxicity, even though biologic responses would be expected at the cellular and molecular level.
In fact, a human-based in vitro test would have predicted the harmful effects and protected those men (7).
Homology and even in vitro assays would have labeled this family – correctly, but incompletely and misleadingly – as a formiminotransferase.
Similarly, almost all of the glucocorticoids administered in our in vitro experiments would have been 'free', that is, available for receptor binding.
To reach the 60% predictivity of animal models toward human toxicants, each in vitro step would have to exhibit > 90% predictivity, and to achieve 95% overall predictivity, each individual assay would have to perform better than 99%.
Clearly, if a different training set with higher variance in efficacy measures were used in the primary screen, it is likely that also single drug in vitro response would have given a significant predictive model.
If they had used a more realistic higher value for the human alveolar surface area as they did for the full working lifetime exposure the extrapolated equivalent short-term in vitro concentrations would have been even lower by about one order of magnitude.
Dr. Melton said he had developed 30 such lines, all from embryos collected for in vitro fertilization that would have been destroyed.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com