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Studies reveal that TGF-β1 selectively stimulates the synthesis of connective tissue matrix components both in vivo and in vitro, to control the formation and degradation of connective tissues [ 16, 17].
At least in some patients, hypogammaglobulinemia could rely on an alteration of the innate immunity, since pDCs seem to play a critical role in the generation of antibody responses: they have been shown in vitro to control the differentiation of activated B cells into plasma cells through the secretion of interferon α and β and of IL-6 [ 13].
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Total carotenoid extracts from transgenic leaves had higher antioxidant and free-radical scavenging activity in vitro compared to control leaves.
Positive controls were prepared by in vitro transcription to control amplification efficacy and monitor for false negatives, and included in all runs (except for NL63 and HKU1).
While aglycemia challenged gliovasculature did not affect lymphocyte adhesive interactions, both hypoxia and OGDR significantly increased lymphocyte adhesion in vitro compared to control (normal).
While aglycemia did not affect brain endothelial-lymphocyte adhesive interactions, hypoxia and OGDR challenged brain endothelial cells significantly promoted lymphocyte adhesion in vitro compared to control (nomal).
While aglycemia and hypoxia challenged neurovasculature did not affect lymphocyte adhesive interactions, OGDR challenged neurovasculature significantly promoted lymphocyte adhesion in vitro compared to control (normal).
There is evidence that AVMs are actively angiogenic and dynamic, express proliferation-associated proteins, 1– 3 and contain ECs that are highly proliferative, migrate more quickly and respond differently to various factors such as TGF- β in vitro, compared to control ECs.
Although high-fat diet induced type 2 diabetes did not affect the number of cells per gram of adipose tissue, analysis of differentiation potential of ADSC derived from high-fat diets fed mice showed a higher adipogenic potential and a lower endothelial differentiation potential in vitro compared to control group [ 32].
In vitro research enables to control and simulate in a standardized way the stiffness of the surrounding bone and the stiffness of the implant-bone complex by imbedding implants in self-curing resin.
While both forms of FIG-ROS fusions showed increased tyrosine kinase activity in vitro as compared to control, FIG-ROS S) has more than 4 fold higher kinase activity than FIG-ROS L) (Figure S2D).
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