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PECAM-1 has been proposed as one of the main players in transendothelial migration of neutrophils, monocytes, and natural killer cells in both in vivo and in vitro models, since by the use of antibodies directed against PECAM-1, transmigration and inflammation could be significantly reduced [ 10- 12].
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However, the use of in vitro models is very promising since they are currently further improved to mimic the in vivo situation more closely by, for example, using co-cultures of different cell types and implementing them in a microfluidic format.
These interactions between cancer cells and their environment have been more difficult to characterize and target for therapeutic intervention than intrinsic changes to cancer cells, since in vitro models of cell-cell interactions are difficult to establish and standardize, especially at the scale necessary for drug screening.
Since the in vitro models prove themselves to be most useful to study mechanistic responses, such as initiation events of inflammatory effects or genotoxicity, it would be of interest for the interpretation of results if the in vivo studies could also to a greater extent cover mechanistic effects, to discover a possible coherence of results with the in vitro studies.
Mannelli and coauthors present in vitro models for toxicology in human pregnancy, extremely important since in vivo models cannot be used.
Since sensitive diagnostic tools to assess cartilage destruction/repair are rare, in vitro models for the evaluation of drug efficiency and the identification of potent targets are necessary.
"In vitro models are cleaner".
Central to achieving this is improved in vitro models.
The Bakerian Lecture, 1977: In Vitro Models for Photosynthesis, Proceedings of the Royal Society A Mathematicall, Physical and Engineering Sciences, 362 (1710) 281-303.
Our data overcomes the limitations associated with other in vitro models used to assess structural cardiotoxicity.
Bode, C. J. et al. In Vitro Models for Studying Trophoblast Transcellular Transport.
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