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Available data obtained from in vitro models indicate that EBV lytic cycle can be elicited by treatment of latently infected cells with a variety of reagents including 12- O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-1-acetate, calcium ionophores, sodium butyrate, anti-immunoglobulin antibodies and TGF- β.
The mechanistic analyses of the in vivo and in vitro models indicate a loss of APC and β-catenin in the MnSOD-deficient cells and livers of MnSOD-deficient mice, indicating that MnSOD is a critical component necessary to sustain proper Wnt/β-catenin signaling.
Results from in vitro models indicate that the IIIc splice variant is essential for the mediation of oncogenic FGF18 effects – such as colony formation, growth, survival and migration, which was stimulated by expression of the WT3c allele in SW480 cells and, to a lesser extent, in HCT116 cells.
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The results from both in virtuo and in vitro models indicated that the crucial roles of serum and fibroblasts in the production of NHK were successfully simulated by the co-culture model.
Assessment of this metabolic signature in in vitro models indicated that in 3D spheroids, where CALR had a more aggressive growth phenotype relative to CALS, increased GPC, Cr/PCr, aspartate as well as alanine were also observed alongside drug resistance.
In particular, the results found in our hk S.E.-stimulated RAW 264.7 in vitro model indicate that Cd-mediated immunomodulation increases cell survival and inhibits the anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and IL-10, while the secretion of proinflammatory cytokine IL-1 β and the neutrophil-recruiting chemokine CXCL1 are induced by Cd.
Our in vitro model indicates that within a single gene, functional variants may vary considerably both in frequency (MAF = 0.2 versus MAF ≤0.0005) and functional magnitude.
In vitro and in vivo models indicate that the bone destruction is mediated by TNF activation of osteoclasts [ 12- 14].
Studies in vitro and in animal models indicate that adiponectin has anti-inflammatory properties and reduces cell proliferation, whereas leptin has proinflammatory properties and promotes the growth of certain cancer cells.
Results from in vitro studies and animal models indicate that the direct application of VA-E and their specific components (i.e., the cytotoxic mistletoe lectins) results in a destruction of tumours and metastases, and in an increased survival of the animals.
Current data from in vitro and in vivo animal models indicate that fibronectin-binding integrin receptors expressed by colon cancer cells may regulate tumour growth.
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