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In the current review, we contrast different in vitro models based on increasing dimensionality (2D, 2.5D and 3D), with added focus on contemporary 3D pulmonary models of fibrosis.
As the early screening tools for drug research, rapid equilibrium dialysis (RED) device and parallel artificial membrane permeability assay (PAMPA) are two major in vitro models based on Teflon base plate.
Therefore, in vitro models based on human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) have become an attractive alternative.
Simplified in vitro models, based on cellular senescence, have been developed to study the relationship between UV and aging.
Langerhans cells can be produced in vitro from CD34-positive cells [ 4] and are eventually available for incorporation into more specialized epidermal in vitro models based on keratinocytes [ 14, 38].
In addition to the well-established EST (see " Embryonic stem cell test (EST) with mESCs"), in vitro models based on differentiation of mESCs are generally accepted systems to test potential toxic effects of chemical compounds.
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ABP delivery to germ cells was achieved using an in vitro model based on recombinant rat ABP-producing mouse Sertoli cells cocultivated with rat spermatids.
Interaction and uptake modalities were evaluated in our in vitro model based on human retinal pigment epithelium cells (HRPE), which expresses the membrane l-ascorbic acid (AA) SVCT2 transporters.
The assessment of transport properties of 23 drug and natural product molecules was made using the in vitro model based on filter-immobilized artificial membranes (filter-IAM), assembled from phosphatidylcholine in dodecane, in buffer solutions at pH 7.4.
Moreover, Z310 cells cultured in a two-chamber Transwell device possessed the ability to transport zidovudine (anionic drug), thyroxine (hormone), thymidine (nucleoside), and leptin (large polypeptide) with kinetic properties similar to those obtained from the in vitro model based on primary culture of choroidal epithelial cells.
For this purpose, BCD-dextran-cholesterol complexation was studied by phase solubility studies as well as with a specifically designed in vitro model based on giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs) to evaluate the ability of this polymer to sequestrate cholesterol from phospholipid bilayers.
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