Intriguingly, the increased cellular motility and astrocytic histiogenic profile induced by Atrx deficiency in this in vitro model recapitulate two of the hallmark features associated with diffuse astrocytoma, the predominant ATRX-mutant human glioma subtype30.
Therefore, this 3D in vitro model recapitulates the p16INK4a-associated secretory phenotype characterizing senescent-like chondrocytes found in OA cartilage.
Studying the life cycle of HBV has been complicated mostly due to the lack of suitable in vitro models recapitulating all steps of the viral life cycle in hepatocytes and the difficulty of modeling physiologically intact host cells for HBV replication.
In vitro models recapitulate tissue-specific microenvironments of the human body in an experimental setting to study cell functions and responses in a holistic approach and to develop improved therapeutics.
Although the natural process of carcinogenesis is highly complex and specific to each cell type and/or carcinogenic insult, in vitro models recapitulate the basic events necessary for cellular transformation.
Overall, using DMD patient-derived iPSCs, this study establishes a novel in vitro model for recapitulating disease phenotypes, studying molecular disease mechanism and future preclinical testing of novel therapeutic compounds for dilated cardiomyopathy in DMD patients.
In particular, as iPS cells represent an early stage of disease, the establishment of in vitro differentiation models recapitulating specific cell-type differentiation would be relevant for dissecting pathogenetic events responsible for disease initiation and progression.
Although in vivo studies have been instrumental to elucidate some of the mechanisms by which niches exert their function, the establishment of an in vitro model that recapitulates the fundamental interactions of the niche components in a controlled setting would be of great benefit.
However, owing to significant challenges regarding the in vivo system, such as the complex cellular environment and potential problems with embryo manipulation, it is desirable to generate embryonic stem (ES) cells that are capable of overcoming these aforementioned limitations in order to provide a potential in vitro model to recapitulate the developmental processes in vivo.
Our in vitro model system recapitulates the rich dynamics of actin cortices in vivo, revealing the basic biophysical and biochemical requirements for cortex formation and symmetry breaking.
To study miRNA expression during villous trophoblast differentiation, we employed an established in vitro model that recapitulates the differentiation of CT cells into SCT and profiled miRNA expression by next-generation small RNA sequencing.
