We established an in vitro model including the devices delivering charge-balanced biphasic electrical stimulation, and spiral ganglion (SG) dissociated culture treated with BDNF and NT-3.
It is our expectation that expanding this in vitro model, including oral microbes, will produce a model mimicking the oral environment, so as to conceive and design specific interventions, and produce in vivo studies to determine oral ZA levels in crevicular and salivary fluids, which will further confirm this hypothesis.
We observed strong differences between in vitro models, including hiPSC-derived neural progenitors from multiple laboratories.
We highlight the need for improved in vitro modeling, including nerve-on-a-chip technology and the use of computational modeling.
More recently developed in vitro models, including precision cut lung slices, lung-on-a-chip, organoids and human induced pluripotent stem cells derived cultures, provide novel state-of-the-art alternatives to the conventional in vitro models.
Here, we discuss the direct and indirect evidence for many of the important gradients found in vivo and their successful application to date in bioengineered in vitro models, including organ-on-chip and microfluidic culture devices.
Their antioxidative properties were assessed by examining their capacities in several in vitro models, including superoxide anion and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging, rat liver homogenate lipid peroxidation inhibition, PC12 cells protection from oxidative damage, and xanthine oxidase inhibition.
Four compounds (NSC10580, NSC168468, NSC292408, and NSC713048) were tested in additional in vitro models including drug-selected and P-gp-transfected cell line pairs.
As consequence, certain aspects of in vivo granulomas may be different or absent in in vitro models, including intragranulomatous necrosis, accumulation of fibrin and collagen, and presence and distribution of bacilli.
Despite expanding efforts to define the immunopathology of SS, the underlying molecular mechanisms responsible for the impaired secretory function of the inflamed LG remain incompletely understood, as several molecules have been known to impair secretion in in vitro models, including interleukin (IL) IL-1, IL-6, nitric oxide (NO), anti-muscarinic receptor, anti-Ro immunoglobulin G (IgG) [ 2- 5].
The anabolic growth factor transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) has been shown to increase meniscal cell proliferation in several in vitro models, including monolayer, explant culture, and meniscal cells seeded on poly-L-lactide (PLLA) scaffolds and three-dimensional collagen sponges [ 39- 43].
