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In this review, we describe the recent developments of in vitro intestinal stem cell cultures.
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A CFTR gene defect was repaired in cells from human patients with cystic fibrosis in vitro in cultured intestinal stem cell organoids using CRISPR-Cas (Schwank et al., 2013).
These results suggest that LGR5-positive cells in the intestine are true intestinal stem cells and that LGR5 regulates intestinal stem cell differentiation in mouse.
LIMK2 deletion increases mouse intestinal stem cell proliferation in vitro.
Of all the markers described to date, Lgr5 has been shown to unequivocally and specifically mark the intestinal stem cell compartment as demonstrated through in vitro culture and in vivo lineage tracing studies (Barker et al, 2007).
Following damage, intestinal stem cells (ISCs) regenerate the intestine by proliferating to replace dying cells.
Recently, it was reported that inhibition of Rho/ROCK pathway by Y-27632 also enhances in vitro survival of mouse ES cell derived neural precursors [9], mouse intestinal stem cells [10] and human keratinocytes [11].
»… it has now become possible to visualize, isolate and genetically modify stem cells of the adult intestine…« These findings and the available in vivo and in vitro model systems will prompt rapid progress in our understanding of the biology of the intestinal stem cell niche.
Intestinal stem cells provide a new lining for the gut.
Scientists have since shown that many of our body tissues also arise from specialized stem cells; there are neural stem cells in the brain, intestinal stem cells in the gut, and cardiac stem cells in the heart.
Lgr5 marks mitotically active intestinal stem cells (ISCs).
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