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We chose to use fibroblast cells since they normally reside in a 3-D matrix in vivo, but are often studied on 2-D platforms in vitro (for example [7]).
Assume that the same is true in vitro; for example, one AT II cell can be moving about within a cell cluster while another is migrating alone, and another is trying to attach itself to an early state ALC, etc.
As well as making developmental processes more easily visible, this method has the potential to significantly reduce animal use by allowing the control of these aspects of kidney development to be studied in vitro, for example by using siRNAs, rather than by extensive breeding of genetically-modified mice.
Material created outside of the body in vitro, for example, embryos and cell lines.
It is known that platelet release of CCL5 may occur in vitro, for example during clotting or even handling or delay in processing of samples [ 33].
The apparent absence of mixed disulfides formation between some PDI proteins tested in cellulo contrasts with their ability to exchange disulfides in vitro, for example between PDI and ERp57 or ERp72.
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These radiobiological principles are based on "in vitro" experiments applying a dose of ionizing radiation, usually photons, to cell in vitro cultivated, for example, fibroblasts [ 14, 15].
This difference might be caused by the in vitro conditions, for example by a different response in COS7 cells, the lack of Slit ligands in vitro, or point to the involvement of other factors.
Many couples readily talk about their childbearing success after in vitro fertilization, for example, but few who fail to have a child by medical intervention openly discuss the stress and costs associated with the failure.
We approve when a woman in her 30s who otherwise couldn't conceive does so through in vitro fertilization, for example, but we cry foul when a 60-year-old tries to do the same.
The new policy pays for such services as in vitro fertilization, for example, in cases in which the husband cannot naturally fertilize his wife's eggs with his sperm.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com